好就一定贵吗？

旅行车在欧洲是非常受欢迎的车型，它不仅拥有轿车的底盘操控，还拥有SUV的装载能力，并且加上有别于其它车型的一个造型设计，让它获得了不少年轻人的青睐，甚至形成了独有的旅行车“瓦罐”文化。

但是在国内，旅行车已经快成了瓦罐车迷们爱得起买不起的奢饰品了，可选择的车型匮乏暂且不论，动辄落地大几十万的价格也是够让人吃一壶的，那是真真儿的好！贵！仔细想想，落地价格四十万以内咱又能买到啥呢？甭管是奔驰C旅行、还是奥迪A4?Avant，那在性能车迷眼中都是1.5升或者2.0升四缸涡轮增压的两驱“弟弟”啊！那如果说，花30多万就能买台不仅能装、能跑，还能野的全时四驱6缸机械增压二手旅行车您是不是根本不敢相信？听起来是不是很诱人？接下来，您品，您细品。

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眼前这台奥迪A6?2018款?3.0T?allroad?quattro，2018年2月上牌，表现行驶里程4.06万公里，当时新车的官方指导价54.68万，目前二手车价格36万左右。

奥迪A6?allroad车系于1999年亮相，目前已发展至第四代车型。这台2018款?3.0T?allroad?quattro则是第三代车型。allroad车头部分的外观设计和普通车型并无明显差异，仅在细节处有所区别，整体还是上一代奥迪A6（代号：C7）标志性的大灯和大嘴中网。allroad车型不仅要满足onroad还要兼顾到offroad，那么车头增加充满野性的银色前唇就再适合不过它了。

quattro全时四驱系统是奥迪的绝对核心产品力，常应用在高配车系车型中。奥迪A6?allroad搭载第七代quattro全时四驱系统，虽不具备绝对的越野性能，但是可以大大提升车辆在湿滑路面行驶的稳定性。相较于常规的两驱旅行车，性能优势是显而易见的，同样也大幅增加了使用场景。

虽然此代车型并没有配备目前最先进的激光大灯技术，但是奥迪作为“灯厂”，大灯无论是造型还是配置都不会让人失望。包含远近光和日间行车灯在内的全LED光源自动大灯，现在看起来依然科技味很浓，也完全能够满足日常的使用需求。

旅行车最吸引人的部分莫过于车侧和车尾造型。4米9的车长和2米9的轴距虽比同代的普通奥迪A6L要短一些，但这样标准的中大型车尺寸，加上尾部掀背式的造型，让它变得不再中庸油腻。

而且，越大尺寸的旅行车，车身腰线就会显得越修长，整体也会比标准轴距的中型旅行车要更大气更协调。作为跨界车，就需要具备应付offroad的能力，野性的一面便体现在车身下部分耐脏耐磨的灰色塑料包围上以及支持高低和软硬可调的空气悬架。

车顶行李架可以说是旅行车和SUV的标配，不仅可以安装自行车架还可以安装行李厢，对于车辆储物能力有很好的扩展。

不过有得必有失，倘若在车顶安装自行车架或安装行李厢，那这面采光面积0.56m?的全景天窗就失去了意义。

对于旅行车而言，脸美、腰美都比不过臀美来的重要。旅行车之所以能获得不少人的青睐，无外乎两个原因，一是超大的空间，二是绝美的翘臀。在我眼中旅行车就是一位空间魔术师，后排座椅支持等比例放倒，使行李厢的纵深从1170mm可以扩展到1980mm，容积可以从565L扩展到最大1680L，搬个家具电器也不成问题。

1898mm的车宽和1479mm的车高让它比普通奥迪A6L显得要健硕了一圈。如果说奥迪A6L是一位商务精英，那奥迪A6?allroad?quattro就是一位西装暴徒。能文能武，是真的骚。

相信多数瓦罐车迷们心中都有个大众R36的梦，搭载3.6L?VR6发动机，最大功率220kw，最大扭矩350N·m，而且配有4Motion四驱系统，如果说上一位能文能武的西装暴徒是大众R36。那奥迪A6?allroad?quattro就更不是浪得虚名了，搭载3.0L?V6机械增压发动机，匹配7速双离合变速箱，?245千瓦，333马力和440牛·米的数据绝对能和性能车平起平坐，在quattro全时四驱系统的帮助下，官方0-100km/h加速时间仅需5.8s。如果说R36是瓦罐车迷们的启蒙老师，那奥迪A6?allroad?quattro必须是瓦罐车迷们的初恋情人，因为它实在是太！香！太！甜！了。

和外观如出一辙，奥迪A6?allroad?quattro的内饰和普通车型也没有任何区别，常用的多媒体和空调按键都很好使用上手，中控台采用大量的软性材质，质感出众。众所周知，塑料按键和真皮座椅以及方向盘在日常使用过程中是非常容易产生掉漆和褶皱情况的，这在一些车龄偏大的二手车中是很常见的现象，主要日常过渡使用，没有及时养护造成的，后期虽然可以修复但也确实费时费力。这台奥迪A6?allroad?quattro作为一台行驶里程4万多公里的二手车，内饰磨损微乎其微，能保持成现阶段这样实属不易。

奥迪A6?allroad?quattro在配置上也毫不含糊，前/后驻车雷达、倒车影像、定速巡航、自动、自动驻车、上坡辅助、电动后备厢、无钥匙启动/进入、座椅加热/记忆还有对越野有所帮助的空气悬架和陡坡缓降等等配置。当然了，像空气悬架这种可以调节高低软硬的配置也会是一把双刃剑，出现问题后的维修费用也不会太低，好在这辆车的空气悬架正常，暂时不存在这方面的顾虑。

多媒体液晶屏可以收入中控台内，通电后会自动翻出，设计巧妙。第四代MMI多媒体系统，在左侧还有手写触摸板。

仪表不是现在主流的全液晶仪表，科技感略显不足。但是黑底白字加上红色机械指针这样的“理工男”组合着实会让像我这样的怀旧派兴奋不已。

现如今最主流的内饰设计，除了仪表是全液晶的，中控也逐渐开始采用了全液晶屏的设计，要论炫酷感和科技范那确实是没得挑。但凡事儿有利就有弊，全液晶屏幕菜单丰富在盲操作时容易造成误触。而传统的实体按键，功能性单一，科技范不足，但不容易误触。这就像是机械手表和智能手表，萝卜青菜各有所爱，哪款对味儿只有咱自己清楚。

奥迪A6?allroad?quattro在车长和轴距上都要比国产的奥迪A6L小一些，自然车内的乘坐空间会受到影响。虽然没有国产加长轴距版车型那样大到“变态”的后排乘坐空间，但毕竟作为中大型车，它的后排空间也完完全全够用。

要说有什么不足，那这台车后排的配置算是一个软肋，有点不太够看。除了常规的水杯架，中央扶手箱这样的储物空间以外，也就只剩下孤零零的后排空调出风口了，后排不能独立控制空调系统，显得确实不那么讲究了。不过仔细想想，这么全能的一台旅行车，二手车只要30多万，这些不足也算不上什么了。毕竟在30多万这个价位，后排配备独立控制空调系统的也没几个，还要啥自行车。

说了一溜够，您就说花30多万买辆二手6缸3.0升机械增压全时四驱旅行车香不香吧？要调性有调性、要空间有空间、要性能有性能、要什么有什么，这个性价比真的没有谁了。再说回来，就车论车，这台车的车况也基本没什么瑕疵，没有事故、无论是外观、内饰，还是发动机、变速箱都没有什么问题，非常难得。

01那我们如何甄别瑕疵呢？

首先从基础来说，有些漆面的色差，咱们可以通过一些灯光的照射，观察角度的变化，来肉眼辨别是否有瑕疵。另外一个呢就是通过专业仪器来进行甄别判断，比如现在大家常提到的漆膜仪。其次呢，就是观察螺丝是否有拆卸的痕迹来判断是否有过零部件的更换。

02如果遇到有瑕疵的二手车，还值得考虑吗？

在我看来，这要具体情况具体分析了。首先，二手车的最大优势不在车况而在性价比，花小钱办大事是买二手车的重要原因。车况有瑕疵其实是很正常很普遍的情况，尤其是车龄偏大、行驶里程偏长的车，整体车况很难保持住。而车身骨架四梁六柱没有受损、没有火烧、没有泡水才是购买二手车的原则和底线。

36万买新车，实用性差不多的基本也就能买到汉兰达、冠道这样的中型SUV，品牌差不多的也就是奔驰C级、宝马3系这样的中型车了。

都说，好才能贵，贵才能好？我看不尽然！好，有时候还真不一定贵！

本文来源于汽车之家车家号作者，不代表汽车之家的观点立场。

提尼安岛 (Tinian Island)

famous as the base for dropping the atomic bomb on Japan

Tinian

The Navy maintains a training area on Tinian, the island used to launch the two atom bombs that ended World War II. Training on Tinian occurs within the Military Lease Area, with limited activities in San Jose Harbor. The proposed action also includes construction or installation of facilities at several locations: a small arms range and mortar range on Tinian, breaching or shooting houses on Tinian, and a logistics support base camp and security gates on Tinian.

Tinian is today the second most populated island in the US Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. For a time, while the world was in the throes of war, and the United States was fiercely fighting Japan in the Pacific, the largest airport of World War II could be found on Tinian. Six runways, each 8,500 feet long, saw scores of B-29’s departing and landing to and from bombing runs around the clock. Tinian’s greatest distinction would come during World War II, in the Pacific theater, when the atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki were loaded onto airplanes that carried out one of humankind’s most terrible missions.

The capture of Saipan, Tinian, and Guam in the Central Pacific in mid-1944 was one of the key actions in the Pacific. Air bases in the Marianas were essential in order to accommodate the new B-29 Superfortress, a US bomber that was just beginning to be mass-produced in early 1944 and which had a flying range equal to the distance from Saipan, Tinian and Guam to Japan and back -- about 1500 miles. The US invasion of the Marianas provoked the Japanese Fleet into a major and unsuccessful engagement, and the Marianas provided the bases from which the Army Air Forces later immolated the cities of Japan. Saipan was the staging base for the attack on nearby Tinian, a few miles south of Saipan.

On 24 July 1944, Task Force Five One, commanded by Rear Admiral Harry W. Hill, and the 2nd and 4th Marine Divisions, under the command of Major General Roy S. Geiger, invaded the island of Tinian. Defending the island were 9,162 Japanese Army and Navy troops. The successful invasion of Tinian hinged on a fake landing staged near "Tinian Town" (presently known as San Jose village). While the 2nd Marine Division pretended to ready an attack on the southern part of the island, even going so far as to lower boats and men into the water, the 4th Marine Division was launching a full-blown invasion on Tinian’s north side. The US Marine Landing Force overcame the numerically superior Japanese force on 1 August in what is considered to be the best-executed amphibious operation of the war. Marine casualties were 328 dead and 1,571 wounded. As on Saipan, many Japanese not killed by U.S. military forces opted to commit suicide by jumping off cliffs rather than being caught by the Americans.

Although Tinian will forever be linked to "Fat Man" and "Little Boy" and the infamous U.S.S. Indianapolis, the island holds another, lesser-known distinction in the annals of modern war. As part of the 13-day naval bombardment of Tinian leading up to the invasion at Unai Chulu, U.S. forces utilized napalm bombs against the Japanese. It was the first time napalm bombs were ever used during warfare.

The scruffy island of Tinian, 80 miles north of Guam, became an important operational base for the rest of the Pacific war. A prize catch, Tinian boasted three airfields and a fourth under construction. Even before the island had been secured, aviation engineers and Seabees were hard at work constructing the huge airbases necessary for the B-29 strategic bombers.

By mid-August 1944 Tinian was secure, and American Seabees began rebuilding a captured Japanese air strip at the north end of the island in one of the largest engineering projects of WWII. Less than one year later North Field was the largest airfield in the world, with four vast 2,600 - meter runways and a total of 19,000 combat missions launched against Japan.

Tinian got a face lifting which made it one of the most important bases of the war. On this remote rock, Seabees of the Sixth Brigade built the largest airfield in the world, larger even than Mayor LaGuardia's proposed Idlewild airport at Long Island which FORTUNE magazine (April 1945) had called the "biggest in the world." The total area of Idlewild wasn't even as large as one of the two parts of the B-29 field the Seabees built. The runways at Idlewild measured at 14.5 miles. Tinian North was almost 20 miles long. Tinian West is only a fraction smaller. Width of runways at "world's biggest airport" is only 300 feet. Large enough, but Tinian's measured from 425 to 500 feet.

The Seabees did all the construction on Tinian. No Army Engineers were there, as were on many of the previous jobs which were done jointly. Battalion builders hauled, blasted and packed down enough coral to fill three times the volume of Boulder Dam-nearly 112 million cubic yards of filling. And along with the airfields came the inevitable barracks, hospitals, chowhalls, BOQs, wells, warehouses, and chapels.

Tinian is about the same size and shape as Manhattan, and when U.S. forces occupied it during the war, they laid out a system of roads with the same general plan and orientation as on Manhattan. To carry the huge quantities of bombs up from the port at San Jose, two divided highways were built across Tinian. The GIs gave the roads names like Broadway, 8th Ave., and 86th street. The main north-south road, is Broadway, and it runs parallel to the other main north-south road, 8th Avenue. The fact that Tinian has streets named after streets in New York City has no connection with the Manhattan Project.

As soon as air service groups prepared the bases for occupancy, hundreds of B-29s began arriving in October and November, ready to undertake strategic bombing operations against the Japanese home islands. An airfield was ready for the first B-29 strike on 24 November. Camps on Tinian were constructed to house 50,000 U.S. troops and 1.2 million pounds of crops were produced, all of which were consumed on the island. By August 1945, a year after construction started, Tinian was the largest airbase in the world at the time, and accommodated nearly 1000 B-29s.

During the last two months of 1944, B-29s began operating against Japan from the islands of Saipan, Guam and Tinian. Initial bombing missions were flown during the day at high altitude, concentrating on chemical plants, aircraft factories, harbors and arsenals. Gen. Curtis LeMay studied the poor results and instructed the bombers to begin low-level incendiary raids at night. The raids targeted Tokyo and some of Japan's other major cities, Nagoya, Osaka, and Kobe.

On 26 July 1945 after a daring, top-secret voyage across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco, the Indianapolis anchored 1,000 yards off the shore of Tinian and delivered the radioactive components of one of the newly created atomic bombs. After this momentous delivery, the heavy cruiser set out for the Philippines, but would never make it that far. Four days after departing Tinian, the ship was hit by Japanese submarine torpedoes and sank.

Atomic Bomb Pits, slightly larger than a grave, were prepared for loading the world's first atomic bomb to be detonated in anger. The bomber aircraft would be rolled over the pit, until the bomb bay was directly above the bomb. Then, the bomb would be hoisted into the aircraft weapon bay. At No. 1 Bomb Loading Pit the atomic bomb was loaded aboard an American B-29 dubbed Enola Gay on the afternoon of August 5, 1945, to be dropped on Hiroshima the next day. At nearby No. 2 Bomb Loading Pit a second atomic bomb was loaded on August 9, 1945 and dropped on Nagasaki.

On 06 August 1945 the Enola Gay, a B-29 stationed at Tinian Island, dropped the world's first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. At 0245 on 6 August 1945, Colonel Paul Tibbets took the controls of a modified B-29 named "Enola Gay" and lumbered into the air from Tinian Island. Once safely airborne, Navy Captain William Parsons climbed into the cramped bomb bay and armed their special cargo--a 9,000-pound atomic bomb called "Little Boy." After more than six hours of tough overwater navigation, "Special Bombing Mission 13" was lined up with the target--Hiroshima--directly ahead. At 0815 Hiroshima time, only 17 seconds from the scheduled drop time, bombardier Tom Ferebee released the weapon.

On August 9th, with Sweeney at the controls, B-29 Bockscar took off before dawn from the island of Tinian with a second atomic bomb aboard. The primary target was the city of Kokura, but clouds obscured it. With fuel running low due to a fuel transfer problem, Sweeney proceeded to the secondary target, Nagasaki, a leading industrial center. There was enough fuel for only one bombing run, and a last minute break in the clouds allowed the bombardier to bomb visually as specified by the field order. When the bomb detonated at 11:00 A.M. Nagasaki time, it felt as though Bockscar was "being beaten with a telephone pole," said a crew member. With fuel critically low, Sweeney turned toward Okinawa where he landed to refuel before returning to Tinian.

On 10 August 1945 Emperor Hirohito Decided to end the Pacific war without his cabinet's consent.

Located just north of Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is a three-hundred mile archipelago consisting of 14 islands, with a total land area of 183.5 square miles. The principal inhabited islands are Saipan, Rota and Tinian. The northern, largely uninhabited islands are Farallon de Medinilla, Anatahan, Sariguan, Gudgeon, Alamagan, Pagan, Agrihan, Asuncion, Maug Islands, and Farallon de Pajaro. Saipan is 3,300 miles from Honolulu; 5,625 from San Francisco; 1,272 miles from Tokyo; and 3,090 miles from Sydney.

In 1947, the Northern Mariana Islands became part of the post-World War II United Nations’Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI). The United States became the TTPI's administering authority under the terms of a trusteeship agreement. In 1976, Congress approved the mutually negotiated Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in Political Union with the United States. The CNMI Government adopted its own constitution in 1977, and the constitutional government took office in January 1978. The Covenant was fully implemented on November 3, 1986, pursuant to Presidential Proclamation no. 5564, which conferred United States citizenship on legally qualified CNMI residents.

The 1976 Covenant (Public Law 94-241) creating the CNMI established jurisdiction of U.S. laws, agencies, and programs; provided for a CNMI Constitution, an elected government and defined self-rule; and granted U.S. citizenship to CNMI residents. The Covenant also brought to CNMI substantial and extended financial support from the U.S. A major portion of this financial support came in the form of payments made to CNMI for the leasing of about two-thirds of the island of Tinian. In 1983, a lease agreement covering these lands was signed and DoD assumed control and possession over the northern two-thirds of Tinian. The lease agreement is for 50 years, with a renewal option for an additional 50 years.

According to the Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT), the "long-term and overriding purpose in acquiring the CNMI lease is to ensure there is a capable forward basing option location in the Pacific..., in the event of major hostilities in the Pacific or loss of access to existing forward basing facilities." Under the terms of the lease agreement, none of leased lands may be privately-owned, nor are any CNMI residents allowed to live or develop there. Essentially, the Navy controls all land uses within the leased area. Any non-military uses within the leased area must by approved by the Navy. Presently, the U.S. military uses major portions of the leased land area for training exercises.

The 16,100-acre leased area is known as the Military Lease Area (MLA) and is divided into two sections. The northern half is the Exclusive Military Use Area (EMUA) and the southern half is referred to as the Leaseback Area (LBA). North Field and the national historic landmark, are located within the EMUA. The EMUA is used for periodic military training exercises. It is open to the public for recreational purposes when not being used for military training. Navy uses of the EMUA include both small and large field exercises. Marine units hold large-scale amphibious assaults and joint training exercises within the EMUA, utilizing its beaches as entry points to inland areas for maneuvers and for landing fixed wing aircraft and helicopters. The Navy uses abandoned buildings, some of which are historically related to World War II and North Field, within the EMUA for urban warfare practice. The roads that connect the training area with Tinian's commercial harbor and airport to the south are used by the Navy during training exercises.

The LBA is a joint use area, where both military and non-military activities may take place. The LBA has been leased back to the CNMI for uses judged by the Navy to be compatible with long-term DoD needs, primarily grazing and agriculture. Under the leaseback agreement, the LBA may be used for training activities that would not be detrimental to ongoing CNMI economic and agricultural activities.

The MLA remains largely undeveloped, with no permanent military installations or staffed facilities. At the present time, there are no major construction projects planned for the MLA. None of the roads are fenced or gated and public access to North Field during non-maneuver times is not restricted.

A visitor to Tinian’s North Field today will likely find it barren and quiet. It even seems there is very little to look at. A visitor to the nearly abandoned island 30 years later found the airfields, with a touch of maintenance, could be usable again. Other than the runways, nothing seemed to be left of the old facilities. No buildings were to be seen. The forest had grown right up to the edges of the runways and taxiways.

Though not the smallest, Tinian is the least populated of the three main Mariana Islands that constitute the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas [Federated States of Micronesia]. Like Rota, Tinian's main village of San Jose is small, rustic, sleepy and friendly. Over two thirds of the island is retained by the U.S. military and is loaded with fascinating historic war relics. Once a beehive of military activity, this area is open to visitors and has regrown with lush jungle and huge native and exotic trees. If it's possible to imagine a place even more laid back than Rota, then this is it. The present somnolence is temporary however, as Tinian launches itself into the 21st century with the arrival of huge Las Vegas-type casino resorts.

West Tinian Airport is an FAA-certified facility that currently accommodates single engine aircraft and Shorts 360 aircraft with capacity of up to 36 passengers. The runway is 6,000 feet in length capable of handling 757's or 727's with restricted landing and takeoff load. A new 8,600 foot runway is under construction and will be operational in early 2002. This will enable Tinian to have more direct flights, charter gaming flights to meet the increasing demand for air service for visitors coming to enjoy Tinian's casino gaming.

Tinian Harbor or Sunharon Roads includes both the inner harbor near the town of Tinian, and the large swept area lying up to 1 1/2 n mi off shore between Garguan Point and Carolinas Point. This area has been swept to various depths between 15 and 55 ft (4.6-17 m), the lesser depths being nearer the shore. Many anchorages are available in this outer area. The inner harbor is entered via a channel which has a navigable width of 500 ft and although it is claimed that the channel has been dredged to 30 ft (9 m), the Port Director reports a minimum depth of 25 ft (7.6 m) for the channel and quays.

At Tinian the main quay has recently been repaired. The usable length is 2200 ft with depths varying between 25 and 29 ft (7.6-8.8 m). There are two piers, pier 1 and pier 2 lying to the southwest of the main quay. Each has a usable length of 500 ft at both sides and a depth of 25 ft (7.6 m). Two shorter quays between the main quay and pier 1 and between piers 1 and 2 have 225 ft of berthage space each and a depth of 25 ft (7.6 m), bringing the total berthing space to 4650 ft. There are also some short quays in a shallow lagoon at the northwest end of the inner harbor, but these are used by local craft. United States Navy ships normally occupy the new part of the main quay. There is also an area available for anchorage within the inner harbor, but it is very small with a diameter of only 1000 ft. The bottom here consists of coral and sand providing reasonable holding.

The outer anchorage provides no shelter from westerly winds and there is very little protection from easterly winds except close to the shore. The inner harbor, however, provides some protection from all winds, especially those between north and southeast. For winds between south and west, protection is provided by a breakwater built on the barrier reef that fronts the town, and is therefore minimal. For best protection from all winds, a berth at the northwestern end of the main quay is recommended. Although the breakwater has sustained some damage, it still provides an effective barrier against wave and swell action. It is therefore considered that the inner harbor at Tinian would provide protection against both wind and wave action in all conditions except the close passage of a typhoon.

Tinian Island is the new home to a Voice of America (VOA) radio relay station. The United States Information Agency, which has headquarters in Washington, D.C., chose Tinian as the site to build a new radio relay station to transmit its VOA broadcasts. The VOA currently broadcasts more than 900 hours of programming weekly in 47 languages, including English, to an international audience.